Essay --

Air pollution has become a major(ip) public wellness issues and it harms both valet wellness and the environmental, over time in Europe air pollution have decrease greatly (EEA 2013), and this air pollutants include carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and besides lead (pb) (WHO 2011), particulate matter and Ozone are now been identify as the two main pollutant that have most major effect on human health, long or short exposure to this pollutant put up have both mild and severe impact on health such as impaired respiratory system, cardiovascular diseases or even death (EEA 2013), also exposure to particulate matter decreases life expectancy by an average of one year, indoor pollution as a result of the biological agents in the indoor air which is due to damp and mould also increase the risk of developing respiratory disease in children, there are two man type of pollutant which are the primary pollutant (WHO fact tabloid 2011). Pollutant can be classified into two namely primary pollutant and vicarious pollutant primary pollutants are the pollutants release straightaway into the atmosphere from the source while secondary pollutants are those type of pollutant forms when primary pollutants react with other chemical in the atmosphere, also type of pollutant and concentration can be indoor or outdoor(a) pollutant, indoor pollutant include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, volatile organic compounds and smoke, while outdoor pollutant are ozone, sulphur dioxide and particle. (COMEAP 2013)WHO define health as a enunciate of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO 1948)Environment generally affects human health directly or indirectly... ...ssion standards of generator plants, industries emission and car emissions.-Deforestation bush burning and also incinerator burning should be barn all around the country in other to improv e the air quality.-Laws should be put in place to barn public smoking as its been done in United Kingdom.- abundant chimneys should be compulsory for all industries making use of fossil fuels and also emitting smoke into the atmosphere to avoid pollutants and acid rain which also affect the health of the populace. CONCLUSION Good air quality is vital for human health, Air pollution expose human to ill-health and by reducing the level of pollutant emission in the atmosphere general risk of disease can be reduce worldwide considerable reduction in the exposure to air pollution can be achieved through the decrease in the concentration of the pollutants in the atmosphere.

The Designer Drug: Ecstasy :: MDMA Drugs Essays

The Designer Drug EcstasyMDMA, otherwise known as the originator medicate ecstasy, X, XTC, Adam (MDMA), Eve (MDEA), E rolls and many others generic terms, is a street medicine that most people associate with a feeling of corporeal stimulation. This drug has a normal dose of about 50 to 300mg and can vary in color and shape depending on the maker. Most bootleg drug producers like to put a trademark stamp on the pill, which consists of many different designs. MDMA is administered orally and is absorbed through the gastrointestinal track where it travels up to the brain, which results in a high within about an hour. The high from one pill can last up to six hours. After administration of the drug is when the brain begins the release of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. A pill of ecstasy can also include other substances like amphetamine, ephedrine, caffeine, ketamine and sometimes substances that are elusive to chemists. This can cause side effects that are beyond the s cope of this research. What we do know is that MDMA is an natural molecule, which enables the molecules of MDMA to inhibit some of the neurotransmitters in the brain. Let us take a deeper look into that chemistry.The chemistry of ecstasy, which we will refer to as MDMA, has been researched, by scientists, since the late sixties and what they have uncovered is precise interesting. Scientists have found that, overall MDMA begins with an organic root and ends up being a potentially dangerous drug, 3,4-methylenedioxy-n-methylamphetamine. MDMA is based from an oil called safrole, which is derived from the sassafras root. Many pharmacologists and illegal manufacturers have used safrole as a starting material for many medicines and drugs because it is easily accessible and inexpensive. Therefore, it is not surprising that this is the base for MDMA. As for most organic molecules MDMA consists of H (hydrogen), N (nitrogen), CH3 (a methyl group) and oxygen atoms, which ends up making C11H1 5NO2. All of these molecules, including the base of the safrole, are organic which makes MDMA an organic molecule. When combined to make MDMA they act like an amphetamine (look almost identical to methamphetamine in there chemical brake down) to the body with its psychedelic reaction, which is why MDMA is usually classified as an amphetamine. When examining the MDMA molecules scientists found that the MDMA has two types of molecules that

Certainty is Decartes Discourse of Method Essay -- Rene Descarte Pape

Rene Descartes overall objective in publicizing Discourse of method acting is to developing a revolutionary system of knowledge that is free of prior prejudices for establishing the truth of things. In Part 4 of the book he explains the philosophical basing (the meditations) for establishing the new system. These meditations were based on the epistemological opening of rationalism that is if someone truly knows something then they could not possibly be mistaken. He goes on to provide solidity argument for his ideas. In Meditations he comes to term with three certainties the existence of the mind as the thing that thinks, the body as an extension, and God as the supreme being. He attests that he came to these conclusions by doubling all that had been taught to him in his formal education, and all he received through the senses. In the Discourse of Method he states his initial uncertainty when he says, I found myself embarrassed with so many doubts and errors that it seemed t o me that the effort to instruct myself had no effect other than the increasing discovery of my ignorance. He has difficulty embracing the diverse, and sometimes hypocrtical, ideas that he encountered in his studies. He thought all of his confusions and indeterminate ideas were caused by the senses. Therefore, he first jettisons any information, knowledge or truths that are based on his senses. Here, he applies the Dream Argument, (32) where he states that based on senses alone, at that place is no definite way of proving that you are dreaming or that you are awake. After all, derams are indistinguishable from reality because during a dram, a person is unaware that he is dreaming. In fact, no sing... ...d, which is of an infinite being, cannot arise from a mortal, a finite being. The idea of infinite must therefore be due to the existence of an infinite, which must have placed this idea in him. Thus, proving his theory of the existence of God. From the nature of the perfec tion that God is, Decartes comes to conclusion that God is the ultimate causeless cause. Decartes holds that the innate idea of God that rises in the mind is sufficient verification of Gods having made man in His own image. Gods existence is the precondition of the existence of all other things, including the individual souls, and also of His idea in the human mind. Since there cannot be an idea of God without the existence of God. God is incorporeal, intelligence, all-knowing, good and just. He is omnipotent, eternal. He has no changes, no modes of attribute, no modifications.

Cloning Essay -- Clone Science Nature Wildlife Conservation Essays

CloningAbstract The question to cl atomic number 53 or not to clone is currently center stage of scientific debate. Since the birth of Dolly, the sheep, in 1997 the disputed question of cloning has been paramount throughout the entire globe. The question is no longer whether it can be done, but whether is should be done and to what extent. We have already cloned goats, mice, monkeys, cattle, and pigs (Cloning fact sheet). Scientists are now trying to get approval to clone humans or at least parts of them (Eccleston, CNN). All of these clonings have conduct to much criticism and controversy, but the latest attempt at cloning is that of endangered and possibly already extinct species in hopes of preserving them. This short paper ordain give a brief description of cloning and the pros and cons of preserving endangered and extinct species via means of cloning. Introduction There are different types of cloning. One type direct by researchers at the Human G enome Project entails the copying of genes and parts of chromosomes in order to get enough identical genetic material to do except research, which they believe could help prevent human diseases in the future (Cloning fact sheet). Another type of cloning is called Blastomere separation, also known as twinning. In this exemplar they split an egg (embryo), soon after it has been fertilized which results in two or more embryos, twins, containing the same exact DNA from both parents (Cloning fact sheet). However, Dolly, was cloned from only one parent. To do this, scientists must take an egg, empty out its genetic material, and replace it with genetic material from another animal by means of somatic electric cell nuclear transfer (Cloning fact sheet). This means that on... ...edEccleston, J., Baum, M.D. 2000. Cloning complications British plan on human embryos stirs an international debate. http//www.cnn.com/2000/fyi/news/08/29/human.cloning/index.tr.html. 3 pages. Accessed 1 0/26/2000.Lanza, R.P., Dresser, B.L., Damiani, P. 2000. Cloning Noahs Ark biotechnology might offer the best way to keep some endangered species from disappearing from the planet. Scientific American. Vol. 283 84-89.Myers, N., Mittermeier, R., Mittermeier, C.G., Da Fonseca, G.A.B., Kent, J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature. Vol. 403 853-858.Reaves, J. 2000. Bring cover charge the DoDo Brave new strides in animal cloning. Time daily. http//www.time.com/time/daily/0,2960,57207,00.html. 2 pages. Accessed 10/26/2000.Unknown. Cloning Fact Sheet. www.ornl.gov/hgmis. 3 pages. Accessed 10/26/2000.

American Indians Essay -- essays research papers

&8220&8217Indians&8217 Textualism, Morality, and the Problem of History, an essay written by Jane Tompkins, a professor of English at Duke University, outlines Tompkins dissatisfaction on how American Indians are portrayed throughout memoir. As children, we are taught that in &82201492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue, and that Peter Minuet bought all of Manhattan Island from the Indians for only twenty-four dollars worth of trinkets. In high school, we were taught that in World War II, the Germans were all heartless savages, and that the best course of action to end the war was to use the atomic bomb on Japan. It is seen that &8220the victor writes the history books. In other words, the dominant cultures and societies that conquer and overshadow lesser societies have the privilege of writing history. For example, if Germany won World War II, would the history books have mentioned the holocaust of the Jews? The problem with history is that history is defined in terms of the author&82 17s point of view. There is no scientific growth by which history is written therefore we must discern what is the real truth versus someone&8217s biases and point of view. &8220The problem is that if all accounts of events are driven through and through by the observer&8217s frame of reference, then one will never know, in any given case, what really happened, (Tompkins, 410).Tompkins researched s...

American Indians Essay -- essays research papers

&8220&8217Indians&8217 Textualism, Morality, and the Problem of History, an essay written by Jane Tompkins, a professor of English at Duke University, outlines Tompkins dissatisfaction on how American Indians are portrayed throughout narrative. As children, we are taught that in &82201492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue, and that Peter Minuet bought all(a) of Manhattan Island from the Indians for only twenty-four dollars worth of trinkets. In high school, we were taught that in World War II, the Germans were all heartless savages, and that the best course of action to end the war was to use the atomic bomb on Japan. It is seen that &8220the victor writes the history books. In other words, the plethoric cultures and societies that conquer and overshadow lesser societies have the privilege of writing history. For example, if Germany won World War II, would the history books have mentioned the holocaust of the Jews? The problem with history is that history is defined in terms of the a uthor&8217s point of view. There is no scientific process by which history is written therefore we must(prenominal) discern what is the real truth versus someone&8217s biases and point of view. &8220The problem is that if all accounts of events are determined through and through by the observer&8217s frame of reference, then one will never know, in any given case, what really happened, (Tompkins, 410).Tompkins researched s...